Physics
Granular tumbler
A transparent driven drum with thousands of colliding, spinning grains. Explore avalanches, cascading, centrifuging and three-dimensional mixing.
What happens
A transparent driven drum with thousands of colliding, spinning grains. Explore avalanches, cascading, centrifuging and three-dimensional mixing.
Choose a speed, watch the two dyes mix, or click a grain to trace it. Right-drag: orbit; wheel: zoom.
Fr = ω²R/g. Fr = 1 is an ideal reference, not a universal transition. M ≈ 1 means random mixing; estimates can exceed 1.
Try this
Choose a speed, watch the two dyes mix, or click a grain to trace it. Right-drag: orbit; wheel: zoom.
Equations used in the module
Equations Fr = ω²R/g; ω_ref = √(g/R) |J_t| ≤ μJ_n; I = 2mr²/5 M = (σ₀²−σ²)/(σ₀²−σ_random²) σ₀² = p(1−p); σ_random² = σ₀²K/N_sample
