Physics
Ideal gas
Kinetic theory: the Maxwell distribution, pressure, a piston.
What happens
A box of molecules bouncing off the walls and each other: pressure is nothing but the drumroll of their impacts, and temperature is their kinetic energy. The speed histogram settles by itself onto the Maxwell distribution, whatever the starting state; push the piston and feel the gas resist. V is area in this 2D model; the chamber depth is decorative.
Equations used in the module
Equations p V = N k T f(v) = (m v / kT) exp(−m v² / 2kT) (Maxwell, 2D) ½ m ⟨v²⟩ = k T, p = ½ n m ⟨v²⟩, γ = 2
