Physics
Polarization of light
Use Jones-vector optics to compare Malus transmission, three polarizers, a quarter-wave retarder and an ideal twisted liquid-crystal cell.
Try this
Rotate filters without restarting. Click a filter to turn it by 15°. The screen follows measured intensity.
Equations used in the module
Equations Eout = a(aᵀ Ein); a = (cos θ, sin θ) Iout = |Ex|² + |Ey|²; Malus: I/I0 = cos²θ Quarter-wave plate: R(θ) diag(1,i) R(−θ) Crossed with middle angle α: I/I0 = cos²α sin²α
