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Earth

Rain and soil: where does the water go?

Watch a wetting front move down through soil while rainfall is divided between infiltration, ponding and runoff.

Rain and soil: where does the water go? — Actual application image
Actual application image

Try this

Raise rainfall above conductivity. Watch surface ponding and runoff after the initial rapid infiltration.

The model and its limits

Green-Ampt wetting-front model for uniform soil. One simulation minute represents one hour. No layered preferential flow, roots or evaporation.

Equations used in the module
Equations
f = K (1 + psi delta_theta / F)
rain = infiltration + ponding + runoff

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Sea and land breezes — Actual application image

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Land warms and cools faster than water. Follow the circulation and switch between day and night.