Physics
Wing flutter
Bending and twist exchange energy under an increasing airflow.
Try this
Compare the two presets. Air feeds energy into coupled bending and twist above the stability boundary. The gold line marks the undeformed wing; blue filaments show airflow direction at a slowed display speed.
The model and its limits
Illustrative two-mode circulatory model with nonlinear saturation, not a validated aircraft wing or CFD calculation. Deflection is exaggerated.
Equations used in the module
Equations q = c U² x″ + 2ζω_b x′ + ω_b² x = q θ θ″ + 2ζω_t θ′ + ω_t² θ = -q x
