Astronomy
A passing star wakes the comet cloud
Move a stellar flyby closer and count comet orbits whose new perihelia enter the giant-planet region. Red tracers identify those orbits.
The model and its limits
Differential impulse from a straight stellar flyby, with 200 AU softening and initially circular test-particle orbits. Positions use a logarithmic radial scale. No Galactic tides or comet-comet gravity.
Equations used in the module
Equations Δv = 2GM/V [b_rel/|b_rel|² − b_sun/|b_sun|²]; q = h²/[GM(1+e)].
